One of Kerala’s most recognizable traditional lights, the Nilavilakku, or floor lamp, has come to symbolize the state’s culture. With its sophisticated style and fine carvings, the Nilavilakku showcases the artists’ skill and the deep spiritual meaning of light in daily life.
Lamps have been used in Kerala since ancient times. According to historical documents and archaeological discoveries, the practice of lighting appears to have been widespread in the area even during the Sangam period. Brass, copper, and clay were used to make lamps, which were used in temples, palaces, and houses. Lamp-making developed throughout the ages into a complex art form that combined religious commitment with skill.
Symbolism of Lamps in Kerala Culture
Lamps in Kerala are far more than objects of utility. They carry profound symbolic meanings:
- Light as a Symbol of Knowledge: Light is associated with enlightenment and knowledge in Indian culture. Lighting a lamp represents the eradication of ignorance and the arrival of knowledge.
- Divine Presence: A lighted lamp is a necessary component of all ceremonies since it is said to call forth the presence of deities and drive out evil energy.
- Continuity and Unity: A lamp’s light is frequently passed down from one person to another, signifying both continuity and unity in customs.
- Spiritual purity: The lamp’s wick and oil are seen as sacrifices to the gods, signifying the letting go of one’s ego and impurities.
Types of Traditional Lamps in Kerala
Kerala boasts a wide variety of traditional lamps, each with its unique design and purpose. Here are some of the most iconic ones:
- Nilavilakku (Floor Lamp)
- The Nilavilakku is the most widely recognized traditional lamp in Kerala. Made of brass or bronze, it stands tall and is lit during auspicious occasions, temple rituals, and household prayers.
- It often features intricate carvings of deities, floral motifs, and geometric patterns.
- Thooku Vilakku (Hanging Lamp)
- This is a hanging lamp suspended from a chain. Commonly used in temples and large homes, it adds a dramatic yet serene ambiance to the space.
- Changalavatta (Multi-tiered Lamp)
- A grand and elaborate lamp with multiple tiers, the Changalavatta is typically used in temples and during festivals. Each tier holds several wicks, creating a magnificent display of light.
- Deepastambham (Lamp Tower)
- Found in temple courtyards, the Deepastambham is a tall column featuring multiple layers of lamps. When lit, it creates a visually stunning and spiritually uplifting sight.
- Aarthi Vilakku (Handheld Lamp)
- Used during poojas and aarti ceremonies, this smaller lamp is designed to be easily held and waved in front of deities as a form of offering.
- Clay Lamps
- Simple and affordable, clay lamps are widely used during festivals like Vishu and Deepavali. They symbolize humility and are often decorated with natural dyes or patterns.
Role of Lamps in Religious Rituals and Festivals
Traditional lamps in Kerala are indispensable religious practices and festivals. Here are a few notable instances:
- Temple Rituals
- In temples, the Nilavilakku is the first object to be lit in the morning and the last to be extinguished at night. It is placed at the sanctum sanctorum, signifying the divine presence.
- Vishu Kani
- During the festival of Vishu, the Nilavilakku is an essential part of the Vishu Kani arrangement. It is lit alongside fruits, grains, and flowers to signify prosperity and hope for the coming year.
- Onam Celebrations
- Traditional lamps are an integral part of Onam celebrations. They are lit near flower carpets (Pookalam) and around the home to create a warm, festive ambiance.
- Wedding Ceremonies
- In Kerala weddings, the lighting of lamps symbolizes the beginning of a new journey filled with hope, love, and prosperity.
- Aarti and Daily Worship
- Lamps are used in daily prayers and aarti rituals, both in temples and households. The ritual of waving a lit lamp in circular motions in front of deities is considered an act of devotion and surrender.
Art and Craftsmanship of Kerala Lamps
The craftsmanship involved in making traditional lamps is a testament to Kerala’s artistic heritage. Skilled artisans meticulously design and craft these lamps using traditional methods passed down through generations.
- Materials: Brass and bronze are the most common materials due to their durability and spiritual significance.
- Designs: The designs often feature intricate carvings of gods, goddesses, animals, and floral motifs, reflecting a deep sense of devotion and artistry.
- Customization: Lamps are often customized to suit specific rituals, occasions, or personal preferences.
Modern Relevance of Traditional Lamps
In today’s fast-paced world, traditional lamps continue to hold their charm and relevance:
- Cultural Identity: These lamps are a treasured reminder of Keralites’ origins and heritage for those who live overseas.
- Interior Decor: To give their houses a more ethnic and spiritual feel, many individuals employ traditional lamps as ornamental accents.
- Gifts: Symbolizing friendliness and prosperity, brass lamps are a common present during festivals, housewarming celebrations, and weddings.
- Eco-Friendly Alternative: Conventional oil lamps are regarded as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative in an age of electric lighting.
Maintaining Traditional Lamps
Proper care and maintenance are essential to preserve the beauty and functionality of traditional lamps:
- Cleaning: Use natural cleaning agents like tamarind paste or lemon juice to remove tarnish.
- Storage: Store in a dry place to prevent corrosion.
- Oil and Wicks: Use high-quality oils like sesame or coconut oil and replace wicks regularly for a clean and bright flame.
Conclusion
In Kerala, traditional lamps are more than a source of light. They are symbols of culture, spirituality, and artistic heritage. They connect past and present. It showcases the timeless traditions that continue to shape the lives of Keralites. Use them in rituals, celebrations, or as decorations. These lamps don’t just illuminate a space. But it also illuminates the mind and heart. By accepting and appreciating the representation of knowledge and light. We guarantee that the spirit of the tradition will live on forever. Traditional Lamps in Kerala, honor our cultural heritage and pass it on to future generations.
